Inheritance is a key chapter of Class 10 Biology that explains how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. This chapter covers basic genetics, Mendel’s experiments, dominant and recessive traits, genotype and phenotype, and variation. This post includes Class 10 Biology Chapter 6 MCQs prepared according to the Punjab and Sindh Board syllabus for effective revision.
1. Inheritance is the transmission of:
- A. Diseases
- B. Characters from parents to offspring ✅
- C. Energy
- D. Nutrients
Explanation: Inheritance passes traits from one generation to the next.
2. The study of inheritance is called:
- A. Evolution
- B. Genetics ✅
- C. Ecology
- D. Biotechnology
Explanation: Genetics deals with heredity and variation.
3. Gregor Mendel is known as the:
- A. Father of evolution
- B. Father of genetics ✅
- C. Father of biology
- D. Father of cytology
Explanation: Mendel discovered basic laws of inheritance.
4. Which plant did Mendel use for his experiments?
- A. Wheat
- B. Maize
- C. Pea plant ✅
- D. Rice
Explanation: Pea plants had clear contrasting traits.
5. The observable characteristics of an organism are called:
- A. Genotype
- B. Phenotype ✅
- C. Alleles
- D. Chromosomes
Explanation: Phenotype refers to physical appearance.
6. The genetic makeup of an organism is known as:
- A. Phenotype
- B. Genotype ✅
- C. Trait
- D. Character
Explanation: Genotype refers to genetic constitution.
7. A dominant trait is one that:
- A. Appears only in homozygous condition
- B. Expresses itself in heterozygous condition ✅
- C. Is always harmful
- D. Disappears in F₁ generation
Explanation: Dominant traits mask recessive traits.
8. A recessive trait appears only when it is:
- A. Dominant
- B. Homozygous ✅
- C. Heterozygous
- D. Linked
Explanation: Recessive traits need two similar alleles.
9. The ratio obtained in F₂ generation of monohybrid cross is:
- A. 1:1
- B. 3:1 ✅
- C. 9:3:3:1
- D. 2:1
Explanation: Mendel observed a 3:1 phenotypic ratio.
10. Each trait is controlled by:
- A. One gene
- B. A pair of alleles ✅
- C. Two chromosomes
- D. One chromosome
Explanation: Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.
11. Which law states that alleles separate during gamete formation?
- A. Law of dominance
- B. Law of segregation ✅
- C. Law of independent assortment
- D. Law of inheritance
Explanation: Alleles separate during meiosis.
12. Which ratio is obtained in dihybrid cross?
- A. 3:1
- B. 1:2:1
- C. 9:3:3:1 ✅
- D. 1:1
Explanation: Dihybrid cross shows independent assortment.
13. The alternative forms of a gene are called:
- A. Traits
- B. Alleles ✅
- C. Chromatids
- D. Loci
Explanation: Alleles control different expressions of a trait.
14. Which process forms gametes?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis ✅
- C. Fertilization
- D. Replication
Explanation: Meiosis halves chromosome number.
15. The location of a gene on a chromosome is called:
- A. Allele
- B. Locus ✅
- C. Genome
- D. Chromatid
Explanation: Locus is the fixed position of a gene.
16. Which cross involves only one pair of contrasting traits?
- A. Dihybrid cross
- B. Monohybrid cross ✅
- C. Test cross
- D. Back cross
Explanation: Monohybrid cross studies one trait.
17. A heterozygous individual has:
- A. Two identical alleles
- B. Two different alleles ✅
- C. No alleles
- D. Only dominant alleles
Explanation: Heterozygous means unlike alleles.
18. Variation in organisms is important because it:
- A. Reduces survival
- B. Helps in adaptation and evolution ✅
- C. Stops reproduction
- D. Causes diseases
Explanation: Variation increases chances of survival.