Biotechnology is an important chapter of Class 10 Biology that explains how living organisms and biological processes are used to produce useful products for humans. This chapter covers the basic concept of biotechnology, genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, enzymes, fermentation, and applications of biotechnology in medicine and industry. This post includes Class 10 Biology Chapter 8 MCQs prepared according to the Punjab and Sindh Board syllabus to help students revise key concepts effectively.
1. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to:
- A. Destroy diseases
- B. Produce useful products ✅
- C. Study fossils
- D. Classify organisms
Explanation: Biotechnology uses biological systems to make useful products.
2. Which field involves manipulation of genes?
- A. Ecology
- B. Genetic engineering ✅
- C. Taxonomy
- D. Anatomy
Explanation: Genetic engineering alters genetic material.
3. The cutting of DNA into fragments is done by:
- A. Ligase enzyme
- B. Restriction enzymes ✅
- C. Polymerase
- D. Amylase
Explanation: Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites.
4. Which enzyme joins DNA fragments together?
- A. Restriction enzyme
- B. DNA ligase ✅
- C. Helicase
- D. Protease
Explanation: DNA ligase joins DNA fragments.
5. The organism commonly used in genetic engineering is:
- A. Virus
- B. Bacteria (E. coli) ✅
- C. Fungi
- D. Algae
Explanation: E. coli is easy to grow and manipulate.
6. Plasmids are:
- A. Proteins
- B. Small circular DNA molecules ✅
- C. RNA molecules
- D. Enzymes
Explanation: Plasmids act as vectors in biotechnology.
7. Which molecule carries genetic information?
- A. Protein
- B. RNA
- C. DNA ✅
- D. Enzyme
Explanation: DNA stores genetic information.
8. Insulin produced by bacteria is called:
- A. Natural insulin
- B. Recombinant insulin ✅
- C. Synthetic insulin
- D. Animal insulin
Explanation: Recombinant insulin is produced using biotechnology.
9. Which process is used to grow microorganisms on a large scale?
- A. Respiration
- B. Fermentation ✅
- C. Transpiration
- D. Diffusion
Explanation: Fermentation allows mass production.
10. Antibiotics are produced using:
- A. Viruses
- B. Microorganisms ✅
- C. Plants
- D. Animals
Explanation: Many antibiotics come from bacteria and fungi.
11. Which product is made using yeast fermentation?
- A. Insulin
- B. Alcohol ✅
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Vaccines
Explanation: Yeast converts sugar into alcohol.
12. Which application of biotechnology is used to treat genetic diseases?
- A. Cloning
- B. Gene therapy ✅
- C. Fermentation
- D. Hybridization
Explanation: Gene therapy replaces defective genes.
13. Vaccines help the body by:
- A. Killing bacteria directly
- B. Producing immunity ✅
- C. Lowering temperature
- D. Digesting pathogens
Explanation: Vaccines stimulate immune response.
14. Which biotechnology product is used by diabetic patients?
- A. Vaccine
- B. Insulin ✅
- C. Antibiotic
- D. Hormone tablet
Explanation: Insulin controls blood glucose levels.
15. The transfer of foreign gene into a host cell is called:
- A. Translation
- B. Transformation ✅
- C. Transpiration
- D. Translocation
Explanation: Transformation introduces new genes.
16. Which enzyme is used to copy DNA?
- A. Ligase
- B. Restriction enzyme
- C. DNA polymerase ✅
- D. Protease
Explanation: DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA.
17. Which area benefits from biotechnology?
- A. Medicine
- B. Agriculture
- C. Both A and B ✅
- D. None
Explanation: Biotechnology improves health and food production.
18. The main advantage of biotechnology is:
- A. High cost
- B. Production of useful products efficiently ✅
- C. Environmental pollution
- D. Reduced food supply
Explanation: Biotechnology increases efficiency and quality.